Mowa ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zosungunulira zomwe zimachitika tsiku ndi tsiku.Ndi gulu lachilengedwe lomwe lili ndi gulu limodzi la hydroxyl (- OH) lophatikizidwa ndi maatomu a carbon saturated.Kenako, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa maatomu a kaboni olumikizidwa ndi ma atomu a kaboni okhala ndi magulu a hydroxyl, amagawidwa kukhala pulayimale, yachiwiri komanso yapamwamba.Pali mitundu itatu ya zosungunulira zamankhwala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku.Mwachitsanzo;Methanol (mowa woyambirira), ethanol (mowa woyamba) ndi isopropanol (mowa wachiwiri).
Methanol
Methanol, yomwe imatchedwanso methanol m'maina ena, ndi mankhwala okhala ndi chilinganizo chamankhwala CH3OH.Ndi madzi owala, osasunthika, opanda mtundu, omwe amatha kuyaka ndi fungo lapadera la mowa wofanana ndi ethanol.Methanol nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosungunulira, antifreeze, formaldehyde ndi zowonjezera zamafuta mu labotale.Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwake, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chochepetsera utoto.Komabe, methanol ndi mowa wowopsa komanso wowopsa.Ngati atakowetsedwa kapena kumeza, zingayambitse kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa minyewa ndi imfa.
Ethanol
Ethanol, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti ethanol kapena mowa wa tirigu, ndi pawiri, mowa wosavuta wokhala ndi mankhwala C2H5OH.Ndi madzi osinthasintha, oyaka, opanda mtundu omwe amanunkhira pang'ono, nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati zakumwa zoledzeretsa, monga vinyo kapena mowa.Ethanol imatha kudyedwa bwino, koma chonde pewani kumwa mopitilira muyeso chifukwa chazolowera zake.Mowa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zosungunulira organic, chigawo chofunikira cha utoto ndi pigment mankhwala, zodzoladzola ndi kupanga mankhwala.
Isopropyl mowa
Isopropanol, yomwe imadziwika kuti isopropanol kapena 2-propanol kapena mowa wakunja, wokhala ndi chilinganizo chamankhwala C3H8O kapena C3H7OH, ndi mtundu wopanda utoto, woyaka komanso wonunkhira kwambiri, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosungunulira mu zosungira, mankhwala opha majeremusi ndi zotsukira.Mowa wamtunduwu umagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chigawo chachikulu cha mowa wakunja ndi zotsukira manja.Imasinthasintha ndipo imasiya kumveka kozizira ikagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji pakhungu lopanda kanthu.Ngakhale kuti ndi otetezeka kugwiritsa ntchito pakhungu, isopropanol, mosiyana ndi ethanol, si yotetezeka chifukwa ndi poizoni ndipo ikhoza kuwononga chiwalo ngati itakokedwa kapena kumeza.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-19-2022