Kuyera kapena kuyera ndi nkhani yotsutsana kwambiri.Imakupatsirani njira zowoneka bwino zowongolera khungu lanu.
Pali njira zambiri zopangira khungu kukhala lopepuka.Izi zikuphatikizapo zodzoladzola zapadera zapakhungu ndi mankhwala a laser.Chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika komanso chitetezo chokwera, anthu ambiri amasankha zopaka pakhungu.
Ngati mukuganiza zopangira whitening, pali zinthu zina zomwe muyenera kuzidziwa poyamba.Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zinthu zofunika kwambiri, makamaka zosakaniza.
Kuwala kwapakhungu kumatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera kapena zinthu zina kuti ziwongolere kapena kupepuka khungu.Anthu amagwiritsa ntchito mawu osiyanasiyana pofotokoza, monga kuyera, kuyera kapena kuyera khungu.
Kuwonekera kwa khungu la munthu pazinthu zambiri kungapangitse kuti likhale losawoneka bwino.Kukalamba, zoipitsa, fumbi, litsiro, kuwala kwa ultraviolet ndi mankhwala (kuphatikiza zomwe zili muzinthu zosamalira khungu) zimatha kuwononga khungu.
Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, zisankho zopanda thanzi komanso kupsinjika maganizo kungathenso kusokoneza maonekedwe a khungu.
Zinthu zosiyanasiyanazi zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mabwalo amdima, mawanga azaka, zipsera za ziphuphu zakumaso komanso mawanga.
Anthu amadalira mankhwala oyeretsera ndi mankhwala kuti athetse mavutowa.Amawagwiritsa ntchito kukonza kapena kubwezeretsa khungu.
Ndi zinthu zowunikira khungu, mutha kufananiza madera akhungu a hyperpigmented ndi mtundu wa khungu lozungulira.Maderawa akuphatikizapo zizindikiro zoberekera, timadontho, chloasma ndi tonsils.
Kuwala kwapakhungu ndizochitika padziko lonse lapansi, ngakhale pali chidwi chachikulu pakuwunikira khungu ku Africa, Middle East ndi India.Pofika chaka cha 2013, zikunenedweratu kuti pofika chaka cha 2018, msika wapadziko lonse lapansi woyeretsa khungu udzafika pafupifupi madola 20 biliyoni aku US.
Zogulitsa ndi njira zochizira zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zolimbikitsira khungu lowoneka bwino komanso lowoneka bwino.Koma zounikira makamaka zimagwira ntchito mwa kusokoneza kupanga melanin kapena kuthandiza kuiwononga.
Melanin ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimagwira ntchito pakhungu.Uwu ndi mtundu wa polima wakuda.Pali anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khungu lakuda.
Thupi la munthu limapanga pigment iyi popanga melanin.Asayansi apeza mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya mankhwalawa pakhungu ndi tsitsi, yomwe ndi: Eumelanin (wakuda kapena bulauni) ndi pheomelanin (wachikasu kapena wofiira).Mtundu weniweni wa khungu udzatsimikizira kamvekedwe kake.
Zowunikira zambiri zimagwira ntchito poletsa kupanga ma pigment.Amachita izi pochepetsa ntchito ya ma enzymes ena omwe amathandizira kuti ntchitoyi ichitike.Enzyme yodziwika mu kaphatikizidwe ndi tyrosinase.
Thupi lanu limadalira L-tyrosine kupanga melanin.Mu gawo loyamba la kupanga melanin, tyrosinase amasintha amino acid kukhala L-Dopa.Owunikira amayesa kuletsa mafotokozedwe, kuyambitsa kapena ntchito ya michere, potero amalepheretsa kupanga ma pigment.
Zosakaniza zina muzinthu zoyera zimatha kuthandizira decolorize.Amathandizira kuwononga melanin yomwe ili kale m'thupi.
Anthu ambiri amasankha zodzikongoletsera khungu chifukwa sakhutira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zodzoladzola kuti akhale ndi khungu lofanana.Ngakhale angakwanitse, nthawi zambiri amaopa kulandira chithandizo cha laser.
Komabe, zinthu zomwe zimafuna kuti ziwoneke bwino nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi rap yoyipa.Malinga ndi malipoti, amayambitsa mavuto ena osiyanasiyana omwe angawapangitse kuti asagwiritsidwe ntchito konse.
Akuti zambiri mwazinthuzi zili ndi zinthu zovulaza.Nthawi zina, amapezeka kuti ali ndi mankhwala oopsa omwe angayambitse matenda a khungu, kuphatikizapo khansa.
Nthawi zambiri anthu amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "bleaching" akamanena za chitetezo.Pazifukwa izi, makampani nthawi zambiri amapewa kugwiritsa ntchito pofotokoza zinthu zawo.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zinthu zovulaza kwa zaka zambiri kwapangitsa kuti mafuta oyeretsera aletsedwe m’maiko ena.
Sitikumvetsa bwino chifukwa chake opanga ena amasankha chinthu chapoizoni ichi.Poganizira za kupezeka kwa njira zotetezeka kapena zachilengedwe.Mwina izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa chofuna kupeza phindu lalikulu.
Pansipa tikukambirana zosakaniza zowopsa, mukaziwona, muyenera kukuyikani mu zonona zoyera.Mudzapezanso zambiri pa zosakaniza zotetezeka zomwe mankhwala abwino ayenera kukhala nawo.
Ichi ndi chinthu chodziwika kwambiri chomwe opanga nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo maphikidwe.Tsopano, anthu ochulukirachulukira akudziwa kuopsa kwake, zomwe zapangitsa makampani ena kugwiritsa ntchito mafotokozedwe anzeru pa izi, monga mercury, mercuric ammonia kapena mercury chloride.
Mercury yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa khungu kwazaka zambiri.Akagwiritsidwa ntchito pakhungu, amatha kuchepetsa kaphatikizidwe ka melanin, choncho amayamikiridwa kwambiri.Pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama zogulitsira opanga, mtengo wake ndi wotsika komanso wosavuta kupeza.
Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, maiko / zigawo zambiri (kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970 ku Ulaya) adaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kuti ayeretse khungu.Mankhwalawa ndi oletsedwa ndipo amagawidwa ngati poizoni ku United States.
Mercury imatha kukhala pakhungu kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chake imatha kuyambitsa mavuto ena.Zingayambitse khungu kusinthika ndi zipsera zosafunikira.Palinso malipoti okhudza ntchito ya ubongo ndi kuwononga impso.Akagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi amayi apakati kapena oyamwitsa, angayambitsenso matenda a ubongo mwa makanda
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zowunikira khungu zomwe zimathandiza decolorize.Nthawi zambiri amalangizidwa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vitiligo amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zonona kapena mankhwala apakhungu okhala ndi benzophenone.Matendawa amadziwika ndi kuwala ndi mdima madera pakhungu.Kuphatikizana kumathandiza kuchepetsa pigment pakhungu ndikupangitsa khungu kukhala lofanana.
Koma imatha kuwononga ma melanocyte ndikupanga ma melanosomes ofunikira kuti apange melanin.Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito kungayambitse kusinthika kokhazikika kapena kosasinthika.
Kupatula vitiligo, madokotala musati amalangiza ntchito monobenzophenone zina zilizonse.Koma mudzadabwa kupeza kuti makampani ena amaphatikizapo zodzoladzola wamba.Mavuto omwe angakhalepo chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa akuphatikizapo kusiyanasiyana kwa mtundu wa pigment ndi kuwonjezeka kwa dzuwa.
Zomwe zimawunikira khungu zimasokoneza, kotero kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwanu kungakhale ndi zotsatira zosayembekezereka kwa ena.Akuti akagwiritsidwa ntchito, amatha kusintha mtundu wa ena pokhapokha atakhudza khungu.
Kodi mwadabwa?Mwina simunadziwepo kuti ma steroid angakhalepo muzinthu zoyera.Koma angathe.
Steroids angathandize kuyera khungu m'njira zosiyanasiyana.Chimodzi mwa izo chikugwirizana ndi momwe amachepetsera ntchito za melanocytes.Koma amathanso kuchepetsa kusintha kwa maselo a khungu.
Komabe, ndilo vuto lalikulu kuti zinthu zotsutsanazi sizikuphatikizidwa mu zonona zoyera.Eczema ndi psoriasis ndi matenda awiri omwe dermatologists amawagwiritsa ntchito pochiza.Vuto lenileni ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali.
Steroids, kuphatikizapo corticosteroids, amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochiza matenda otupa a khungu.Ayeneranso kupatsidwa mankhwala, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndibwino kuti musawapeze mu zodzoladzola wamba.Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali kumatha kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa khungu kosatha.
Mankhwala ambiri osamalira khungu amakhala ndi mafuta amchere monga chopangira.Wopanga amagwiritsa ntchito kuti athandize kunyowetsa khungu.Ndiwotsika mtengo-otsika mtengo kuposa mafuta achilengedwe ofunikira.
Komabe, anthu akhala akuda nkhawa ndi kuthekera kwa chinthu ichi kubweretsa mavuto pakhungu.Mafuta a mchere amatha kutsekereza pores pakhungu lanu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuchotsa zinthu zovulaza.Choncho, mungakhale ndi mavuto monga ziphuphu ndi ziphuphu.Kuti zinthu ziipireipire, chosakanizacho chimaganiziridwa kuti ndi khansa.
Simuyenera kupeza phindu la kuyatsa khungu pa izi.Parabens ndi gulu la zotetezera.Opanga makamaka amawagwiritsa ntchito kuwonjezera moyo wa alumali wa zodzoladzola.
Mavuto omwe mankhwalawa angayambitse akuphatikizapo kusokoneza dongosolo lanu la endocrine ndi zoberekera.Zapezekanso kuti zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa.
Pano, muli ndi zosakaniza zodziwika kwambiri pazosamalira khungu.Hydroquinone ndi mankhwala omwe amalepheretsa kaphatikizidwe ka melanin mwa kutsekereza tyrosinase.Izi ndizothandiza kwambiri.Choncho, nthawi zambiri amapezeka muzopaka zoyera.
Izi sizowopsa monga zopangira zina zovulaza.Izi ndichifukwa choti akatswiri nthawi zina amalimbikitsa, makamaka mtundu wa 2% (kapena wotsika).Koma mumadziwa bwanji mphamvu ya imodzi mwazopaka zoyera, makamaka ngati sizinatchulidwe?
Kuphatikiza pa mphamvu, kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali kwa hydroquinone kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha zotsatirapo.Zitha kupangitsa khungu kukhala losinthika, pomwe lingakhale losatha.Izi zitha kukhudzanso ma enzymes ena omwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'thupi la munthu.
Mowa, dioxane ndi phthalates ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingakhale zovulaza zomwe muyenera kusamala nazo pakhungu lanu kuti mupewe mawanga akuda.
Polankhula za chilengedwe, zotetezera zowunikira khungu, mndandandawo udzakhala wosakwanira ngati suphatikizapo zowonjezera za zipatso za citrus (monga malalanje ndi mandimu).Izi ndizopindulitsa, makamaka chifukwa chokhala ndi vitamini C wambiri.Akukhulupirira kuti pawiri ali ndi khungu whitening katundu.
Komabe, ndizofala kuti anthu amalankhula za vitamini C mokulirapo potengera ubwino wa khungu.Mankhwalawa ali ndi antioxidant katundu ndipo amatha kuteteza zizindikiro za ukalamba, monga mizere yabwino ndi makwinya.
Kutulutsa kwa citrus kumakhulupiriranso kuti kumathandizira kupanga kolajeni, yomwe ndi chinsinsi cha khungu lolimba, lachinyamata.Amatha kusintha mawonekedwe a khungu ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwa maselo atsopano.
Chopangira ichi chimatchedwanso vitamini B3 ndipo nthawi zambiri chimapezeka muzinthu zosamalira khungu zapamwamba.Chimodzi mwa zifukwa izi ndi khungu lake kuunikira zotsatira.Zimathandizira kuchepetsa kupanga melanin.
Nicotinamide imapanga antioxidant zotsatira ndipo imakhala ndi anti-yotupa.Mudzapeza kuti imasunga chinyezi ndipo imathandiza kuti khungu likhale losalala komanso lofewa.Mavitamini amathandizanso kuwongolera mafuta akhungu.
Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi N-acetylglucosamine, mphamvu ya vitaminiyi imakhulupirira kuti imakula.
Mwina munamvapo kuti anthu ena amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso (monga mabulosi, mabulosi abulu kapena mabulosi abulu) kuti muyeretse khungu lanu.Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa mankhwala otchedwa arbutin, omwe amatchedwanso hydroquinone-β-D-glucoside.
Arbutin imathandizira kuchepetsa kupanga melanin m'thupi.Ili ndi ma isomers awiri: α ndi β.Alpha isomer ndi yokhazikika komanso yoyenera kuwunikira khungu.
Chosakaniza chachilengedwechi chimatengedwa ngati njira yotetezeka kwa ma decolorants otchuka muzinthu zambiri.Pamene tyrosinase iyenera kuletsedwa, mawonekedwe oyera ndi othandiza kwambiri.
Sikuti zonse zomwe zili ndi mawu oti "acid" ndizovulaza.Zambiri mwa zinthuzi ndi zachilengedwe komanso zopindulitsa.Choncho musachite mantha.
Azelaic acid ndi gawo la balere ndi mbewu zina, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza ziphuphu ndi rosacea.PH yake ndi yofanana ndi khungu, choncho ndi yotetezeka kwambiri.
Akatswiri ofufuza apeza kuti chinthu ichi chingathandizenso kuti khungu likhale loyera.Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ndi njira yabwino yochizira khungu.Zingathandize kupewa kupanga melanin.
Molekyu ya tripeptide iyi ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino choletsa kukalamba chomwe chimateteza khungu ku kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni.Kuwala kwapakhungu ndi chimodzi mwazopindulitsa zambiri zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa nazo.
Glutathione ilinso ndi kuthekera koletsa kuwonongeka kwa dzuwa.Kuyera khungu nthawi zambiri kumachepetsa mphamvu yanu yoteteza dzuwa.Koma chophatikizirachi chimakhala ndi anti-oxidant ndipo chimatha kukutetezani ku kuwala kwa UV.
Komabe, akatswiri amanena kuti molekyuyo imayamwa bwino kwambiri ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kumaloko.Njira imodzi yothetsera vutoli ndikugwiritsa ntchito pamodzi ndi mankhwala ena (monga vitamini C).
Monga tonse tikudziwa, aku China amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khungu.Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti zotulutsa kuchokera ku chomera cha licorice, makamaka galapudine, zimatha kuwunikira khungu.
Izi zimakhulupirira kuti zimawunikira khungu m'njira zosiyanasiyana.Koma makamaka amagwira ntchito poletsa ntchito ya tyrosinase-mwina mpaka 50%.
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti chifukwa akhoza ziletsa kaphatikizidwe melanin, akhoza bwino whiten khungu.Imachita izi poletsa ntchito ya tyrosinase.
Crystal ufa ndi wopangidwa kuchokera ku malted fermentation ya mpunga, yomwe ili yoyenera kwambiri pakhungu lowonongeka komanso lovuta.Nthawi zambiri amapezeka popanga vinyo wa mpunga waku Japan.Akuti anthu a ku Japan akhala akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa nthawi yaitali pochiza khungu.
Muyenera kudziwa kuti ndizosiyana ndi dipalmitate yokhazikika ya kojic acid yomwe makampani ena amakhazikitsa.Ngakhale zosakaniza zina zingathandizenso, sizothandiza ngati kojic acid.
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu ziwiri za alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) zomwe zaphunziridwa kwambiri - zina ndi lactic acid.Chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kwa maselo, amayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa chotha kulowa pamwamba pa khungu.
Anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti glycolic acid ndi exfoliant.Zimathandizira kukulitsa luso la kuyambiranso kwa ma cell ndikuchotsa ma cell akhungu kapena akufa.Koma izi ndi zoposa izo.
Ndi chophatikizira ichi, mutha kukhalanso ndi khungu lowala.Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti angakuthandizeni kuchepetsa kupanga melanin m'thupi lanu, potero kulimbikitsa khungu kamvekedwe.
Ngakhale kuyera kapena kuyeretsa kungakhale nkhani yotsutsana, si aliyense amene angakwanitse.Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la khungu (monga madontho a msinkhu, madontho, mabwalo amdima ndi zolembera) sadzawopsyezedwa ndi malipoti oipa okhudza vutoli.
Zoona zake n’zakuti anthu nthawi zambiri amadana ndi kuyera khungu chifukwa chotheka kuti munthu achite zinthu zina zoipa.Kufotokozera kwakukulu kwa vuto lamtunduwu ndikuti wopanga amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoopsa, mwina kuti apange ndalama.Pamene ogula akudziwitsidwa kwambiri, mchitidwe wovulazawu tsopano ukusintha.
Monga mukuonera pamwambapa, pali zinthu zotetezeka, zachilengedwe zomwe zingapangitse khungu lanu kukhala lowala komanso lathanzi.Muyenera kungoyang'ana zinthu izi pakati pa zomwe mukufuna kugula.Musanagule, chonde fufuzani pazinthu zina zilizonse zomwe sitinatchule apa.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-22-2020